PRATTER, District Judge.
In this putative class action, Gary Serrano, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, sued Sterling Testing Systems, Inc. ("Sterling"),
Mr. Serrano's Complaint, filed on October 30, 2007, alleges that Sterling willfully violated the FCRA through its practice of reporting outdated and adverse information concerning arrests to prospective employers of Plaintiffs, which information Sterling was required to exclude from the reports it sells to employers and prospective employers.
On January 27, 2009, the Court entered an Order to allow the parties to pursue resolution of the matter through private mediation. The parties proceeded to meet with an experienced private mediator for a full day session on March 12, 2009. The case did not settle that day, but the parties continued to negotiate between themselves. See Mot. for Final Approval at 4. Subsequently, the Court issued additional scheduling orders setting forth various case management deadlines, including one for class certification motions. The parties then met for a second time with the mediator on June 4, 2009. Id. At that time, with the assistance of the mediator, the rough parameters of a settlement were reached. Id. In the weeks that followed, the parties continued to negotiate the details and nuances required for documenting a classwide settlement, including the notice procedures, release issues and Sterling's agreement to change its practice. Id. The parties eventually reached a proposed settlement, and submitted their Settlement Agreement to the Court for preliminary approval.
The Settlement Agreement contemplates certification of the following Settlement Class:
See Settlement Agreement, App'x 1 to Mot. for Prelim. Approval, at 3.
According to the Settlement Agreement, Sterling has paid the amount of nine hundred seventy-five thousand dollars ($975,000.00) into an account to be administered by Sterling pending final approval of the settlement ("Settlement Fund"). Id. The parties have agreed that this sum shall be
The Settlement Agreement provides that the amount of each claiming Class member's pro rata share of the remaining balance of the Settlement Fund (following payment of the award to the Mr. Serrano and his reasonable fees and costs) will be determined through the following formula: claiming Class member's pro rata share = balance of Settlement Fund divided by total number of claiming Class members. Id. at 5. Each share shall be no more than one thousand dollars ($1,000.00).
Further, Mr. Serrano will receive, in addition to his share as a claiming Class member, the sum of one thousand dollars ($1,000.00) in full settlement and satisfaction of his individual claims and as compensation for his services rendered to the Class. Id. at 4-6. The Settlement Agreement states that this award is subject to approval by the Court, to which Sterling will not object. Id.
Sterling has agreed to pay Mr. Serrano's reasonable attorney's fees and costs out of the Settlement Fund, subject to the Court's approval. Id. at 7. Further, the notices sent out to the Class set forth that Class Counsel will petition for an award of fees and costs in an amount not to exceed 35% of the Settlement Fund (made by way of a separate motion). Id. at 4-6.
According to the Settlement Agreement, Sterling has ceased the allegedly unlawful reporting practice challenged in the Complaint, and Plaintiffs have secured Sterling's agreement to forever refrain from engaging in the practice in the future. Id. at 7.
The parties specifically have agreed that because the Settlement Class is comprised of members asserting claims for statutory damages only, claims for actual damages are specifically excluded from release, and the Final Judgment and Order will so reflect. Id. at 8. Thus, Class members may still pursue actual damages, if they have any, without having to opt-out of the Settlement. However, as Plaintiffs' counsel confirmed at the fairness hearing, the Settlement Agreement extinguishes any claims that Class members may have for punitive damages under the FCRA. See 12/16/2009 Hr'g Tr. at 6-8.
On August 26, 2009, the Court preliminarily certified the Settlement Class described in the Settlement Agreement, and scheduled a final fairness hearing for December 16, 2009. Pursuant to the Settlement
The deadline for requesting exclusion from the Settlement Class and for filing objections to the settlement was October 30, 2009, see id. at 3, and the fairness hearing was held on December 16, 2009. As of the date of the fairness hearing, no Settlement Class members had requested to be excluded from the Class or had objected to the settlement. See 12/16/2009 Hr'g Tr. at 13.
Class counsel have requested attorneys' fees and reimbursement of expenses in the total amount of $340,900.00. See Mot. For Fees, Expenses and Award to Representative Plaintiff at 4.
"A court presented with a joint request for approval of a class certification and settlement must separate its analysis of the class certification from its determination that the settlement is fair." Boone v. City of Philadelphia, 668 F.Supp.2d 693, 705 (E.D.Pa.2009) (citing In re Insurance Brokerage Antitrust Litig., 579 F.3d 241, 257-58 (3d Cir.2009)). To certify a class under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23, a court must determine that the requirements of all four subsections of Rule 23(a) are satisfied, and the requirements of at least one subsection of Rule 23(b) are satisfied. See Baby Neal v. Casey, 43 F.3d 48, 55 (3d Cir.1994).
Rule 23(a) requires the following:
Fed.R.Civ.P. 23(a).
"No single magic number exists satisfying the numerosity requirement." Behrend v. Comcast Corp., 245 F.R.D. 195, 202 (E.D.Pa.2007) (internal quotation omitted). However, the Third Circuit Court of Appeals often embraces classes of 40 or more. See Stewart v. Abraham, 275 F.3d 220, 226-27 (3d Cir.2001). Here, the Settlement Class consists of 10,874 individuals. See Mot. for Final Approval at 7. As of November 30, 2009, 639 individuals already had submitted claims forms. Id. at 18. Because joinder of such a large class is impracticable, the Plaintiffs have satisfied the numerosity requirement.
To satisfy the commonality requirement, plaintiffs must show the existence of at least one question of law or fact
In this case, there is a legal issue common to all class members, namely whether Sterling's conduct as alleged constitutes a willful violation of the FCRA. Inasmuch as Sterling's policies and practices with respect to such conduct were essentially uniform with regard to these issues, the Court concludes that the Rule 23(a)(2) commonality requirement is satisfied.
Rules 23(a)(3) and 23(a)(4) require that the claims or defenses of the named plaintiff be typical of the class and that the named plaintiff be in a position to fairly and adequately protect the interests of the class. This requirement is "designed to align the interests of the class and the class representatives so that the latter will work to benefit the entire class through the pursuit of their own goals." In re Prudential Ins. Co. of Am. Sales Litig., 148 F.3d at 311. See also id. at 312 (holding that "the various forms [the class representatives'] injuries may take do not negate a finding of typicality, provided the cause of the injuries is some common wrong") (internal citation omitted).
To evaluate typicality, the Court must inquire "whether the named plaintiffs' claims are typical, in common-sense terms, of the class, thus suggesting that the incentives of the plaintiffs are aligned with those of the class." Beck v. Maximus, Inc., 457 F.3d 291, 295-96 (3d Cir. 2006) (internal quotations omitted). "The typicality requirement is intended to preclude certification of those cases where the legal theories of the named plaintiffs potentially conflict with those of the absentees." Georgine, 83 F.3d at 631 (internal citation omitted). "The inquiry assesses whether the named plaintiffs have incentives that align with those of absent class members so that the absentees' interests will be fairly represented." Id. (internal citation omitted).
Here, the claims of the class representative are similar to those of the other members of the proposed classes. Mr. Serrano is a member of the Class, has the same interest in resolving the issues as all other members of the Class, and his claims are typical of all members of the Class. All of the claims arise from and challenge the same course of allegedly unlawful conduct, namely, Sterling's practice of reporting outdated arrest data on credit reports, and are based on the same legal theories as those of the Class members. The essence of each putative Class member's claim is precisely the same.
Class representatives must "fairly and adequately protect the interests of the class." Fed.R.Civ.P. 23(a)(4). The adequacy inquiry "serves to uncover conflicts
The Court concludes that class counsel is adequate. Class counsel are qualified and experienced, and have vigorously pursued this lawsuit, successfully defeating a motion to dismiss based on a novel question of law and ably representing the Class members. Counsel have also demonstrated that they are appropriately mindful of the applicable professional responsibility duties. Turning to the named representative, Mr. Serrano fairly and adequately represents the interests of the Class. He has no interests that are antagonistic to the interests of the Class, and there are no actual or apparent conflicts of interest between Mr. Serrano and the class. Accordingly, the Court concludes that the adequacy requirement is satisfied.
Having determined that the requirements of Rule 23(a) are met, the Court must consider whether the requirements of at least one subsection of Rule 23(b) are met. Here, certification is sought under Rule 23(b)(3), which permits class actions where "the court finds that the questions of law or fact common to Class members predominate over any questions affecting only individual members, and that a class action is superior to other available methods for fairly and efficiently adjudicating the controversy." Fed.R.Civ.P. 23(b)(3). These requirements are commonly separated into the so-called "predominance" and "superiority" requirements. See In re Ins. Brokerage Antitrust Litig., 579 F.3d 241, 257-58 (3d Cir.2009).
To evaluate the predominance requirement, a court must determine whether common questions of law or fact predominate over any questions affecting only individual members. See In re Hydrogen Peroxide Antitrust Litig., 552 F.3d 305, 311-12 (3d Cir.2008). The predominance requirement is normally satisfied where plaintiffs have alleged a common course of conduct on the part of the defendant. See e.g., In re Prudential Ins. Co. of Am. Sales Litig., 148 F.3d at 314-315. Here, Mr. Serrano has alleged a common course of conduct by Sterling. All Class members, by definition, were subjected to the same practice. The predominant—indeed, the dispositive—issue here is whether Sterling willfully violated the FCRA by reporting outdated arrest records on the credit reports of Class members. The predominance requirement is met.
To meet the superiority requirement, Plaintiffs must show that a class action, rather than individual litigation, is the best method for achieving a fair and efficient adjudication of the controversy.
Class members must be given the best notice practicable under the circumstances, including individual notice to all potential Class members that can be identified through reasonable effort. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 23(c)(2)(B). Notice
Id. "A court must determine that notice was appropriate before evaluating the merits of the settlement itself." Boone, 668 F.Supp.2d at 709 (citing In re Prudential Ins. Co. of Am. Sales Litig., 148 F.3d at 326-27). Here, the notice met all the requirements of Rule 23(c)(2)(3). It detailed the Class claims, the proposed settlement, and the Class members' right to object or be excluded from the settlement. The notice also informed Class members of their opportunity to be heard at the fairness hearing, and stated that the settlement would be binding on Class members who did not opt out of it
Individual notice forms were mailed to almost 11,000 individuals. For those forms that were returned as undeliverable, Sterling used a locator database to try to find alternate addresses for the recipients, and then re-sent the forms to the alternate addresses. See Mot. for Final Approval at 7; 12/16/2009 Hr'g Tr. at 15. Notice was also provided by way of publication on a website. See Mot. for Final Approval at 7; 12/16/2009 Hr'g Tr. at 14. Because the notice was widely disseminated through individual notices and online publication,
To grant final approval, the Court must conclude that the proposed settlement is fair, reasonable and adequate. In re Ins. Brokerage Antitrust Litig., 579 F.3d at 258; Fed.R.Civ.P. 23(e). Trial courts generally are afforded broad discretion in determining whether to approve a proposed class action settlement. Eichenholtz v. Brennan, 52 F.3d 478, 482 (3d Cir.1995). This discretion is conferred in recognition that "[the] evaluation of [a] proposed settlement in this type of litigation.. . requires an amalgam of delicate balancing, gross approximations and rough justice." City of Detroit v. Grinnell Corp., 356 F.Supp. 1380, 1385 (S.D.N.Y.1972), aff'd in part and rev'd in part on other grounds, 495 F.2d 448 (2d Cir.1974). Thus, the Court considers whether the proposed settlement is within a "range of reasonableness" that experienced attorneys could accept in light of the relevant risks of the litigation. See Walsh v. Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Co., 96 F.R.D. 632, 642 (D.N.J.), aff'd, 726 F.2d 956 (3d Cir.1983). In determining what falls within this range, the Court also bears in mind "the uncertainties of law and fact in any particular case and the concomitant risks and costs necessarily inherent in taking any litigation to completion . . ." Newman v. Stein, 464 F.2d 689, 693 (2d Cir.1972).
The Third Circuit Court of Appeals has set forth nine factors to be considered when determining the fairness of a proposed settlement:
Girsh v. Jepson, 521 F.2d 153, 157 (3d Cir.1975) (internal quotations and punctuation marks omitted); In re Prudential Ins. Co. of Am. Sales Litig., 148 F.3d at 317.
The first Girsh factor weighs in favor of this settlement. Plaintiffs claim that Sterling willfully violated the FCRA by disclosing the existence of outdated arrest records to its clients. This claim involves issues that have not been directly addressed by any courts or juries, as well as issues for which new law arguably has developed. See Serrano v. Sterling Testing Systems, Inc., 557 F.Supp.2d 688 (E.D.Pa.2008); Safeco Ins. Co. of Am. v.
As set forth above, notice was provided to Class members by first-class mail and publication on the internet, advising them of the terms of the settlement and their right to exclude themselves from the Class. The deadline for Class members to exclude themselves from the settlement and/or object to it was October 30, 2009. As of December 16, 2009—the date of the final fairness hearing, and long after the deadline for exclusion had passed—not one Class member had exercised the right to opt out or had objected to the proposed settlement. This is persuasive evidence of the proposed settlement's fairness and adequacy. See In re Cendant Corp. Litig., 264 F.3d 201, 234-35 (3d Cir.2001) (low number of objectors and opt-outs strongly favors settlement).
The third Girsh factor also weighs in favor of settlement. As discussed above, this action has been actively litigated from the beginning. Shortly after the case commenced, Sterling filed a motion to dismiss the Complaint. Full briefing ensued, which involved previously undetermined legal issues under the FCRA. The Court held oral argument and subsequently denied the motion to dismiss. The parties engaged in formal written discovery and deposition practice and eventually agreed to mediate. According to counsel, the settlement negotiations were adversarial and somewhat protracted. Only after two separate sessions with the mediator and numerous telephonic conferences did the parties arrive at the proposed settlement.
Examining the record as a whole, it is clear that the parties did not settle until after the case had reached the stage where "the parties certainly [had] a clear view of the strengths and weaknesses of their cases." Bonett v. Education Debt Services, Inc., No. 01-6528, 2003 WL 21658267, at *6, 2003 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 9757, at *17 (E.D.Pa. May 9, 2003) (quoting In re Warner Communications Sec. Litig., 618 F.Supp. 735, 745 (S.D.N.Y. 1985), aff'd, 798 F.2d 35 (2d Cir.1986)); see also Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Bolger, 2 F.3d 1304, 1314 (3d Cir.1993) (settlements reached after discovery are more likely to reflect the true value of the claims at issue). This weighs in favor of approving the settlement.
To prevail at trial, Plaintiffs would need to succeed on their claims that Sterling
Even if Plaintiffs were to overcome the liability obstacles, there are also risks in proving damages at trial. The determination of damages in a case like this—like the determination of liability—is a complicated and uncertain process, often involving conflicting opinions. Here, the statutory damages being sought were in the range of $100 to $1000 per Class member. 15 U.S.C. § 1681n(a) ("Any person who willfully fails to comply . . . with respect to any consumer is liable to that consumer [for] . . . actual damages . . . or damages of not less than $100 and not more than $1,000."). Under the Settlement Agreement, Plaintiffs have secured a result which comes close to the minimum range of damages without any risk. While the maximum result would certainly exceed the value created by the proposed settlement, it would also require Plaintiffs and the Class to surmount the "willful" standard imposed by the Act and to demonstrate that Sterling's conduct warranted the imposition of the higher statutory range. Further, simply prevailing on liability would not necessarily result in awards to all Class members for the full amount of statutory damages allowable under the statute. Other factors might come into play, such as frequency and persistence of noncompliance, nature of noncompliance, resources of the Defendant, the number of persons adversely affected and the degree to which the noncompliance was intentional.
All things considered, the risks of establishing damages is yet another reason to grant final approval. The proposed settlement obviates the litigation risk to the Class and secures an economic benefit to the Class that is reasonable and fair relative to the statutory penalty that might be obtainable after protracted discovery and a trial. In addition to the monetary relief, Sterling has agreed to cease the practice complained of, and forever refrain from such practice—a great benefit to the Class.
At this time, there is no reason to think that this case could not have been maintained as a class action through trial. Nevertheless, there is always some risk of decertification in any class action. The risk of decertification here is no more substantial than the risk in any class action. Therefore, this Girsh factor is neutral.
There is no evidence regarding Sterling's ability (or inability) to withstand a greater judgment. As such, this factor is neutral.
"The reasonableness of a proposed settlement depends in part upon a comparison of the present value of the damages the plaintiffs would recover if successful, discounted by the risks of not prevailing." Boone, 668 F.Supp.2d at 712
The proposed settlement is a good result for the Class members when considered in light of the disputed liability, the statutory damages claim, the statutory cap on damages, and the fact that the settlement results in no release of actual damages (although, as noted earlier, it extinguishes any rights of Class members to pursue punitive damages). Here, the statutory damages for a willful violation of the FCRA are capped at $1,000, and a consumer may only secure such an award if he or she proves that a defendant consumer reporting agency willfully (as opposed to negligently) violated the FCRA. See 15 U.S.C. § 1681n(a). Even if the Plaintiffs were to prevail on their FCRA claims at trial, there is no assurance that a jury would award the maximum of $1,000 to each Class member. An award is by no means certain, given the statutory factors that have to be taken into account in making such an award—frequency and persistence of noncompliance with the statute; nature of the noncompliance; and the extent to which noncompliance was willful or negligent. See 15 U.S.C. § 1681n(a) and § 1681o(a). Viewed in context, the proposed settlement avoids the risks of litigation and secures what is arguably the maximum relief obtainable for each Plaintiff, after protracted discovery and a trial.
The fairness of the settlement is also underscored by the fact that each Class member will be entitled to recover his or her share of statutory damages, and still be permitted to pursue claims for actual damages if he or she has any. The goal of this case—to seek monetary redress for the Class—has been met. Just as important, if not more so, the settlement has resulted in Sterling's cessation of the allegedly unlawful practice. As such, the settlement provides a societal benefit as well.
A trial of the FCRA claims could have lasted for several days, and perhaps involve lengthy expert testimony. In any case, the expense of a trial would have been substantial. Moreover, in light of the novel legal issues and the highly contested nature of liability, it is likely that any judgment entered would have been the subject of post-trial motions and appeals, further prolonging the litigation, increasing its expense and reducing the potential value of any recovery. Thus, a settlement is advantageous to all concerned.
Essentially, this factor is an amalgam of the analysis described above. As set forth above, the Court's analysis of the relevant factors demonstrates that the settlement fits well within the range of reasonableness. When the risks of liability and damages are considered in light of the total potential recovery, this settlement is a good result for the Class. As discussed above, the settlement provides a substantial benefit for the Class, and ensures that every Class member has the opportunity to obtain a significant statutory damages award and pursue a claim for actual damages if warranted. This settlement allows Plaintiffs to avoid the risks of further litigation, described above, and facilitates Plaintiffs' immediate receipt of benefits. The Court concludes that the proposed settlement is well within the range of reasonableness and therefore grants final approval of the settlement under Rule 23(e).
Under the Settlement Agreement, Sterling agreed to pay, subject to the Court's approval, attorneys' fees, costs, and out-of-pocket expenses, provided that it not exceed 35% of the settlement fund. Sterling also has provided the claims management and has funded the costs of notice and settlement administration. Furthermore, subject to the Court's approval, Sterling has agreed to an individual settlement award of $1,000.00 to Mr. Serrano. The Notice published to Class members expressly informed them that counsel would apply for an award of attorneys' fees of $340,900.00. To date, no Class member has objected to the settlement or to the requested fee, which evidences both a satisfactory result and a reasonable fee.
Class counsel now, as compensation for their achievement and effort, and for accepting the risk that there would be no recovery if they were not successful, request the Court to approve the portion of the settlement providing for attorneys' fees and costs of $340,900.00. This is an amount that is within the range contemplated and agreed to in the settlement agreement. In support of their motion for fees and reimbursement of costs and expenses, counsel rely upon the declarations summarizing counsel's time and the expenses incurred on behalf of the Class. See Declarations of James A. Francis and David A. Searles, Mot. For Fees, Expenses and Award to Representative Plaintiff, at Appendices 1 and 2.
An award of attorneys' fees is a discretionary matter, considering the unique factors of the case. See In re Computron Software, 6 F.Supp.2d 313, 321-23 (D.N.J.1998); In re Prudential Ins. Co. Am. Sales Litig., 148 F.3d 283, 338 (3d Cir.1998). There are two conventional methods of calculating attorneys' fees in class actions—the percentage of recovery method and the lodestar method. See In re Prudential, 148 F.3d at 332-33. The percentage-of-recovery method is often favored in cases involving a common fund, because it rewards counsel for success and penalizes counsel for waste or failure. In re General Motors Corp. Pick-Up Truck Fuel Tank Prods. Liab. Litig., 55 F.3d 768, 821 (3d Cir.1995). Meanwhile, the lodestar method is more commonly applied in statutory fee-shifting cases. Id.; Charles v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., 976 F.Supp. 321, 323 (D.N.J.1997).
As noted in the Settlement Agreement and memoranda supporting preliminary and final approval, Sterling has provided a cash fund of $975,000.00 for the benefit of Class member claimants, and to satisfy the attorney's fees and costs and the payment to Mr. Serrano. Sterling has also undertaken to pay approximately $13,000 for the costs of notice and claims administration, and has agreed to stop the challenged practice. Based upon these sums, it is clear that the settlement provides for an aggregate value of approximately $1,000,000.00.
There are several factors that a district court considers when setting percentage attorney fee awards in percentage-of-recovery cases: (1) the amount of the value created and the number of persons benefitted; (2) the presence or absence of substantial objections by members of the class to the settlement terms and/or fees requested by counsel; (3) the skill and efficiency of the attorneys involved; (4) the complexity and duration of the litigation; (5) the risk of nonpayment; (6) the amount of time devoted to the case by plaintiff's counsel; (7) the awards in similar cases; (8) the value of benefits attributable to the efforts of class counsel relative to the efforts of other groups; (9) the percentage fee that would have been negotiated had the case been subject to a private contingent fee arrangement at the time counsel was retained; and (10) any innovative terms of settlement. In re Diet Drugs Product Liability Litigation, 582 F.3d 524,
Counsel's requested fee is reasonable here under all important factors. First, the amount of the value created and the number of persons benefitted supports the fee request. While this may not be a "megafund" case, it is nonetheless a substantial value achieved on behalf of the Class, whose members will receive significant benefits. In fact, cases generating comparatively smaller funds can require a higher percentage fee award, due to the perception that large percentages of very large settlements lead to windfalls for attorneys. See In re Prudential Ins. Co. of Am. Sales Litig., 148 F.3d at 339 (noting "inverse relationship" of large settlement to smaller percentage award); Report of the Third Circuit Task Force, 108 F.R.D. 237, 256 (1985) (suggesting that fee percentages may decrease as awards increase).
Second, there have been no objections to the settlement or to the attorneys' fees request. This factor supports approval. See Barel v. Bank of America, 255 F.R.D. 393, 404 (E.D.Pa.2009) (lack of objections by class members favors approving the request for attorneys' fees).
Third, counsel's skill and apparent efficiency supports approval. The quality of representation is measured by "the quality of the result achieved, the difficulties faced, the speed and efficiency of the recovery, the standing, experience and expertise of the counsel, the skill and professionalism with which counsel prosecuted the case and the performance and quality of opposing counsel." In re Ikon Office Solutions, Inc., 194 F.R.D. at 194 (internal quotations omitted). Here, Class counsel brought a case articulating a theory of class recovery that Sterling vigorously challenged through a detailed motion to dismiss. After successfully defeating this motion, Class counsel took discovery relating to Sterling's corporate practices and took the deposition of Sterling's Rule 30(b) (6) corporate representative. Counsel appear to have a wide range of experience in consumer class action litigation, based on the information set forth in their respective Declarations. Indeed, counsel have been certified to represent consumer classes many times, by this Court and others. All things considered, this factor weighs in favor of approval.
Fourth, the complexity and duration of the litigation supports approval of the proposed settlement. While the litigation to date has been perhaps of medium length, counsel has explained that many hours of effort were expended in investigation, written discovery, depositions, substantive and dispositive motions and negotiations. This case involves potentially complicated issues of liability and damages which, if pursued, could involve additional lengthy, expensive litigation between the parties. Resolution via settlement is preferable in many respects, and counsel should be compensated for their substantial efforts in achieving settlement.
Fifth, the factor regarding the risks of nonpayment, is neutral.
Seventh, an examination of fee awards in similar cases weighs in favor of approving the request for attorneys' fees. When considering the awards in similar cases, the Court looks to cases of similar size, and not necessarily similar subject matter. See In re Cendant Corp. PRIDES Litig., 243 F.3d at 737. Here, on both fronts, the percentage being sought is in the appropriate range. Plaintiffs request attorneys' fees of $327,145.83, which is roughly 33.1% of the range of value achieved for the Class.
Eighth, an examination of the value of benefits attributable to the efforts of Class counsel relative to the efforts of other groups supports approval. The entirety of the value achieved for the Class was attributable to Class counsel; no other groups, such as government agencies conducting investigations, were involved in this case.
Ninth, the factor concerning the percentage fee that would have been negotiated had the case been subject to a private contingent fee arrangement, does not apply to this case.
Tenth, an examination of the innovative terms of the settlement, supports approval. Class counsel have obtained a cessation of a practice considered detrimental to the interests of consumers and employment applicants. Counsel have also achieved a limited release, so as to preserve for Class members the ability and the option to bring separate cases for actual damages.
The request for an award of fees and costs, as calculated as a percentage of the value of the benefit achieved for the Class, is reasonable under all the applicable factors of a percentage analysis.
The request for an award of fees is also reasonable under a lodestar analysis. Under the lodestar method, the Court calculates attorneys' fees by multiplying
The lodestar and expenses for counsel here, as broken down in counsels' respective Declarations, is as follows: for Francis & Mailman, P.C., $153,230.00 for over 508.4 hours of attorney and paralegal time, and, for Donovan Searles, LLC, $79,755.00, for over 152.2 hours of attorney and paralegal time. Time for all counsel totals $232,985.00. This figure is further analyzed below.
The hourly rates for the firms of Class counsel are well within the range of what is reasonable and appropriate in this market. The hourly rates for the attorneys in the firms are the same as the regular current rates charged for their services in their standard non-class matters, including both contingent and noncontingent matters. There has not been any alteration or deviation from the firms' hourly rates to account for added complexity or increased risk factor of this action. The attorneys concentrate their practice in the area of consumer protection litigation, and their hourly rates (ranging between $290.00 and $650.00) are within the range charged by attorneys with comparable experience levels for consumer class action litigation of a similar nature.
In support of the motion for fees and reimbursement of costs and expenses, counsel have submitted many pages of detailed, contemporaneously produced time records specifying the date of work performed, the attorney performing the work, the nature of the work, the amount of time spent and the hourly rate charged for the tasks. Included in the time records are reasonable estimates of the time expected to be spent on the case after the date of this motion. This submission is sufficiently specific for a party seeking attorneys' fees. Counsel's Declarations also set forth the basis for the division of labor among the firms and their efforts to litigate the case in an efficient manner. After reviewing the Declarations, it appears that no counsel is requesting compensation for any time that was "excessive, redundant, or otherwise unnecessary." Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 434, 103 S.Ct. 1933, 76 L.Ed.2d 40 (1983).
Here, class counsel's requested fee produces a multiplier of 1.4, which is well within the reasonable multiplier range for fees awarded in this jurisdiction. See In re Prudential Ins. Co. of Am. Sales Practice Litig. Agent Actions, 148 F.3d at 341 (noting that multipliers ranging from 1 to 4 are frequently awarded); Boone, 668 F.Supp.2d at 714 (approving a fee award carrying a multiplier of 2.3); In re Rite Aid Corp. Sec. Litig., 146 F.Supp.2d 706, 736 n. 44 (E.D.Pa.2001) (approving multipliers "in the range of 4.5 to 8.5"). Further, the multiplier is appropriate when considered within the context of this case, as set forth below.
One factor for the Court to consider in awarding fees is the contingent nature of the litigation. Lindy Bros. Builders, Inc. of Philadelphia v. American Radiator & Standard Sanitary Corp., 487 F.2d 161, 168 (3d Cir.1973). Here, Class counsel was retained on a completely contingent basis. Class counsel were unable to mitigate any of the risk of nonpayment; instead, they were required to spend or incur obligations to effectively litigate this case. Class counsel undertook a substantial commitment of time and money to prosecute this class action, while the Class itself risked nothing out-of-pocket.
As noted earlier, Class counsel are qualified to handle this case, and they obtained a laudable result for the class. The settlement results in a cash recovery that is in the range of the maximum Plaintiffs could achieve if they prevailed at trial, without any release of their right to pursue actual damages; in addition, Sterling has ceased the conduct complained of by Plaintiffs. No objections or opt-outs to the settlement were filed. Given the nature of the litigation, the complicated and first-impression issues involved, the risks faced and the quality of the work performed, a 1.4 multiplier of the lodestar of Class counsel represents an appropriate level of compensation for the success Class counsel achieved and the requested fee is reasonable in relation to the benefit achieved.
Some courts have raised a concern in consumer protection cases as to whether the requested fee is reasonable in light of the amount of the sums earmarked for Class members. However, the mere fact that the statutory cap of $1,000 (and the parties' agreement to incorporate that cap into the settlement) may not be a great sum in relation to Plaintiffs' fee request, does not make the fee request unreasonable. Because Plaintiffs prevailed on the only claims raised in the Complaint, the fee award will not be diminished to maintain some ratio between the fee and the damages
The efforts of Class counsel have resulted in substantial common benefits to the class. In doing so, Class counsel incurred out-of-pocket expenses in the aggregate amount of $13,745.47, for filing, postage, travel, research and copying costs. See Declarations, Appendices 1 and 2 to motion
Class counsel also seeks this Court's approval of a $1000.00 individual settlement award for Plaintiff Gary Serrano, for his willingness to undertake the risks of this litigation and shoulder the burden of such litigation. The Court recognizes that there would be no benefit to Class members if the Class representative had not stepped forward. Mr. Serrano devoted time and energy to the litigation, consulting with counsel as necessary, and fulfilled his obligations as Class representative. The requested $1000.00 award is well within the range of awards made in similar cases. See Perry, 229 F.R.D. at 118 (awarding $5,000 each to three separate representatives, and citing cases); In re Greenwich Pharmaceutical Securities Litig., No. 92-3071, 1995 WL 251293 at *7-8, 1995 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 5717 at *20 (E.D.Pa. Apr. 26, 1995) (awarding $5,000 incentive awards to five class plaintiffs); In re SmithKline Beckman Corp. Sec. Litig., 751 F.Supp. 525, 535 (E.D.Pa.1990) (awarding $5,000 to each representative plaintiff). Also, Class members were notified that Class counsel would request an award for Mr. Serrano in this amount, and no Class member objected. Therefore, the Court approves the award of $1,000.00, which represents appropriate recognition of the benefit of the settlement that Mr. Serrano and his counsel have achieved for the Class.
For all the foregoing reasons, the Court grants final approval to the proposed settlement, and awards reasonable attorneys' fees and reimbursement of expenses in the total amount of $340,900.00, and the sum of $1,000.00 to the Class Representative Gary Serrano. An Order consistent with this Memorandum follows.
AND NOW, this 7th day of May, 2010, upon consideration of the Motion for Final Approval of Settlement (Docket No. 45) and the Motion for Award of Attorneys' Fees and Reimbursement of Expenses and Award to Representative Plaintiff (Docket No. 46), and following a fairness hearing on December 16, 2009, in accordance with Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23, it is hereby ORDERED that both motions are GRANTED as outlined in this Order and the accompanying Memorandum.
Based on the Court's review of the proposed Settlement Agreement and the submissions of the parties, and having conducted a hearing on the matter, the Court determines as follows:
1. This action satisfies the applicable prerequisites for class action treatment under Fed.R.Civ.P. 23(a) and (b). The class as defined in the Settlement Agreement (the "Class") is so numerous that joinder of all members is not practicable, there are questions of law and fact common to the Class, the claims of the Class Representative are typical of the claims of the Class, and the Class Representative will fairly and adequately protect the interests of the Class. Questions of law and fact common to the members of the Class predominate over any questions affecting only individual members, and a class action is superior to other available methods for the fair and efficient adjudication of the controversy.
2. Notice to the Class required by Rule 23(e) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
3. The Defendant has timely filed notification of this settlement with the appropriate federal officials pursuant to the Class Action Fairness Act of 2005 ("CAFA"), 28 U.S.C. § 1715. The Court has reviewed such notification and accompanying materials, and finds that the Defendant's notification complies fully with the applicable requirements of CAFA.
4. The Settlement Agreement was arrived at as a result of arms'-length negotiations conducted in good faith by counsel for the parties, and is supported by the class representative.
5. The settlement as set forth in the Settlement Agreement is fair, reasonable and adequate to the members of the Class in light of the complexity, expense and duration of litigation and the risks involved in establishing liability, damages and in maintaining the class action through trial and appeal.
6. The relief provided under the settlement constitutes fair value given in exchange for the releases of statutory damages claims only against the Released Parties, as that term is defined in the Settlement Agreement.
7. No class members have excluded themselves from the Class in accordance with the provisions of the Preliminary Approval Order.
8. The parties and each Class member have irrevocably submitted to the exclusive jurisdiction of this Court for any suit, action, proceeding or dispute arising out of the Settlement Agreement.
9. It is in the best interests of the parties and the Class members and consistent with principles of judicial economy that any dispute between any Class member (including any dispute as to whether any person is a Class member) and any Released Party which in any way relates to the applicability or scope of the Settlement Agreement or the Final Judgment and Order of Dismissal should be presented exclusively to this Court for resolution by this Court.
Accordingly, it is ORDERED that:
1. This action is finally certified as a class action against Sterling Testing Systems on behalf of a Class defined as follows:
2. The Settlement Agreement submitted by the parties, specifically including Sterling's agreement to forever refrain from the practice challenged in this case, is finally approved pursuant to Rule 23(e) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure as fair, reasonable and adequate and in the best interests of the Class and the parties are directed to consummate the Agreement in accordance with its terms.
3. This action is hereby dismissed on the merits, with prejudice and without costs.
4. As agreed by the parties in the Settlement Agreement, upon the Effective Date, Sterling and its parents, subsidiaries, affiliates, divisions, predecessors, successors,
5. Without affecting the finality of this judgment, the Court hereby reserves and retains jurisdiction over this settlement, including the administration and consummation of the settlement. In addition, without affecting the finality of this judgment, the Court retains exclusive jurisdiction over Sterling Testing Systems and each member of the Class for any suit, action, proceeding or dispute arising out of or relating to this Order, the Settlement Agreement or the applicability of the Settlement Agreement. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any dispute concerning the Settlement Agreement, including, but not limited to, any suit, action, arbitration or other proceeding by a Class member in which the provisions of the Settlement Agreement are asserted as a defense in whole or in part to any claim or cause of action or otherwise raised as an objection, shall constitute a suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Order. Solely for purposes of such suit, action or proceeding, to the fullest extent possible under applicable law, the parties hereto and all Class members are hereby deemed to have irrevocably waived and agreed not to assert, by way of motion, as a defense or otherwise, any claim or objection that they are not subject to the jurisdiction of this Court, or that this Court is, in any way, an improper venue or an inconvenient forum.
6. Plaintiffs' counsel's litigation expenses and fees are hereby approved by the Court in the amount of three hundred forty thousand and nine hundred dollars ($340,900.00). The Court approves a payment to the Class Representative, Gary Serrano, in the amount of one thousand dollars ($1,000.00) in consideration of his individual claims against the Defendant and for the valuable service he performed for and on behalf of the Class.
7. The Court finds, pursuant to Rule 54(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, that there is no just reason for delay, and directs the Clerk to enter final judgment and then close this case for all purposes, including statistics.
The Court need not decide this issue, because Sterling has agreed to pay the amount of requested fees, and because the amount of requested fees is appropriate and reasonable regardless of which method is used for calculation.
Recently, another court in this District took note of a study of class action fee awards within the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, and determined that the average attorney's fees percentage in such cases was 31.71% and that the median fee award was 33.3%. See Boone, 668 F.Supp.2d at 714 (internal citations omitted). According to these numbers, the fee award being sought in this case is within the acceptable range. Also, the fee requested here virtually mirrors the award in the most comparable case in this District, as far as its subject matter. See Stoner v. CBA Information Services, 352 F.Supp.2d 549 (E.D.Pa. 2005) (33% fee approved in FCRA class action premised upon consumer reporting agency's failure to properly investigate disputes).
Student Public Interest Research Group of New Jersey v. AT & T Bell Laboratories, 842 F.2d 1436, 1449 (3d Cir.1988).
